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Letter of Jeremiah
The Letter of Jeremiah, also known as the Epistle of Jeremiah, is a deuterocanonical book of the Old Testament; this letter purports to have been written by Jeremiah to the Jews who were about to be carried away as captives to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. It is included in Catholic Bibles as the final chapter of the Book of Baruch. It is also included in Orthodox Bibles as a standalone book. The title of this work is misleading, for it is neither a letter nor was it written by the prophet Jeremiah.〔Moore 1992, 3:703; Pfeiffer 1949, 427.〕
== Author ==
According to the text of the letter, the author is the biblical prophet Jeremiah. The biblical Book of Jeremiah already contains the words of a letter (Jer 29:1–23) sent by Jeremiah "from Jerusalem" to the "captives" in Babylon. The Letter of Jeremiah portrays itself as a similar piece of correspondence.
As E. H. Gifford puts it, "The fact that Jeremiah had written one such letter to the captives seems to have suggested the idea of dignifying by his name another letter not written in reality till many ages after his death."〔Gifford 1888, 287.〕
Most scholars agree that the author was not Jeremiah.〔One exception is the Roman Catholic commentator F. H. Reusch, ''Erklärung des Buchs Baruch'' (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1853). For a critique of his position as well as an English translation of portions of his work, see Gifford 1888, 288.〕 The chief arguments put forward are literary quality, as well as the religious depth and sensitivity.〔Moore 1992, 704; cf. Marshall 1909, 578.〕 J. T. Marshall adds that the use of "seven generations" (v. 3) rather than "seventy years" (Jer 29:10) for the duration of the exile "points away from Jeremiah towards one who deplored the long exile."〔Marshall 1909, 579; cf. Gifford 1888, 302; Ball 1913, 596.〕 The author may have been a Hellenistic Jew who lived in Alexandria,〔Charles 1911, 325; Westcott 1893, 361; Gifford 1888, 290.〕 but it is difficult to say with certainty. The earliest manuscripts containing the Epistle of Jeremiah are all in Greek. The earliest Greek fragment (1st century BC) was discovered in Qumran.〔Baillet 1962, 143.〕 Gifford reports that in his time "the great majority of competent and impartial critics" considered Greek to be the original language.〔Gifford 1888, 288; cf. Torrey 1945, 65.〕 As one of these critics O. F. Fritzsche put it, "If any one of the Apocryphal books was composed in Greek, this certainly was."〔Fritzsche 1851, 206 as translated by Gifford 1888, 288.〕 The strongest dissenter from this majority view was C. J. Ball, who marshalled the most compelling argument for a Hebrew original.〔Ball 1913, 597–98, and throughout the commentary; cf. Gifford 1888, 289.〕 However, Yale Semitic scholar C. C. Torrey was not persuaded: "If the examination by a scholar of Ball's thoroughness and wide learning can produce nothing better than this, it can be said with little hesitation that the language was probably not Hebrew."〔Torrey 1945, 65; cf. Oesterley 1914, 508.〕 Torrey's own conclusion was that the work was originally composed in Aramaic.〔Torrey 1945, 66–67. Pfeiffer 1949, 430, supports Torrey's Aramaic proposal, though noting that "its Hellenistic Greek style is fairly good."〕 In recent years the tide of opinion has shifted and now the consensus is that the "letter" was originally composed in Hebrew (or Aramaic).〔Metzger 1957, 96; Moore 1977, 327–27; Nickelsburg 1984, 148; Schürer 1987, 744 (opinion of revisers, Schürer himself thought it was "certainly of Greek origin" (1896, 195 )); Moore 1992, 704; Kaiser 2004, 62.〕
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